NCTF 135 HA Near Busbridge, Surrey

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Geology and Formation

Nature of NCTF 135 HA

The geology of the area around NCTF 135 HA, located near Busbridge, Surrey, reflects the region’s complex geological history, spanning from the Early Cretaceous to the Quaternary period.

The underlying bedrock in this region is primarily composed of the Wealden Group, a sequence of clay and sandstones deposited during the Barremian to early Aptian stages of the Early Cretaceous. This group represents part of the Hastings Beds Formation, which underlies much of southern England.

The Wealden Group exhibits a characteristic layering, with alternating bands of claystone, sandstone, and occasionally lignite-rich horizons. These deposits are significant for their fossil content, particularly plant material, fish scales, and early reptiles such as Hylaeosaurus and Hypsilophodon.

During the Albian to Cenomanian stages (about 100-95 million years ago), the area experienced a period of sea-level rise and transgression. This led to the deposition of marine limestones, marks, and clays, collectively forming part of the Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation.

Later, during the late Cretaceous, the region underwent a phase of terrestrial erosion, which exposed the pre-existing rocks. This was followed by the establishment of the Eocene-age London Clay Formation, comprising mainly glauconitic sands and clays deposited in a shallow marine environment.

In more recent geological times (the Quaternary period), the area around NCTF 135 HA underwent significant changes due to glaciations and associated fluvial action. The presence of till deposits and valley trains suggests that the region was impacted by ice sheets during this time.

The nature of NCTF 135 HA, situated near Busbridge, Surrey, indicates a combination of geological influences, including Cretaceous, Tertiary, and Quaternary processes shaping the local landscape. The underlying Wealden Group bedrock, overlain by later deposits such as London Clay Formation and Eocene sediments, provides valuable information on regional tectonic history and the response to global climatic fluctuations.

The NCTF 135 HA, located near Busbridge in Surrey, is a geological formation composed primarily of Thanet Beds clayey silt. The site’s geology is characterized by soft, unconsolidated sediments deposited during the Eocene epoch.

The NCTF 135 HA geological formation, located near Busbridge in Surrey, is a fascinating example of geology and formation processes that have shaped our planet.

At the heart of this site lies the Thanet Beds clayey silt, a type of sedimentary rock that has been formed over millions of years through the accumulation and compression of tiny particles. The are part of the early Paleogene period, specifically dating back to the Eocene epoch.

The Eocene epoch, which spanned from approximately 56 to 34 million years ago, was a time of significant geological change on our planet. The Earth’s climate was warmer and more humid than it is today, with no polar ice caps and much higher sea levels. As a result, the landmasses were largely inundated by shallow seas, which allowed for the formation of extensive sedimentary deposits like those found in the NCTF 135 HA site.

The soft, unconsolidated sediments deposited during this period are characteristic of the at the NCTF 135 HA. These sediments were likely formed from the erosion and transportation of clay-rich soils, which were then compressed and cemented together over time to create a hard, cohesive rock.

The geology of the NCTF 135 HA site is an important part of our understanding of Earth’s history. The study of its provides valuable insights into the climate, geography, and life forms of the distant past. By analyzing the rock formations, mineral compositions, and sedimentary structures at this site, scientists can reconstruct the geological processes that have shaped our planet over millions of years.

The NCTF 135 HA formation is an exceptional example of a geological site that continues to fascinate scientists and enthusiasts alike with its complex geology and fascinating history. Its preservation as a valuable resource for scientific research serves as a reminder of the importance of protecting our planet’s natural heritage.

Further investigation into the at NCTF 135 HA is essential to expand our knowledge of Earth’s geological past and its impact on the present. By studying this unique formation, scientists can gain a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between geology, climate, and life that has shaped our planet over millions of years.

Ecological Significance and Biodiversity

Conservation Status

The NCTF 135 HA (Non-Native Controlled Area) near Busbridge, Surrey, encompasses a diverse array of ecosystems, each harbouring unique and ecologically significant species. The area’s rich biodiversity is influenced by its location within the Wealden sandstone ridge, which supports a range of habitats including woodland, heathland, grasslands, and wetlands.

Ecological Significance: The NCTF 135 HA is home to various species that are vital for maintaining ecological balance in the region. Some examples include:

• Woodlarks (Lullula arborea): A priority species and one of only a few breeding woodlark sites remaining in Surrey, these birds play a crucial role in maintaining woodland ecosystems.
• Bitterns (Botaurus stellaris): Although now rare in the UK, this heron is found in the area’s wetlands and helps maintain water quality through its feeding habits.
• Butterflies: Several priority butterfly species such as the Duke of Burgundy (Hamearis lucina), Wood White (Pleijelius subpunctata), and Purple Emperour(Aphantopus hyperanthus) can be found within this habitat.
• Hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus): An important indicator species, hedgehogs play a vital role in controlling insect populations and maintaining soil health.
• Slow Worms (Anguis fragilis): Protected under UK law due to habitat loss, slow worms help control invertebrate numbers and are an essential part of the ecosystem’s balance.

Conservation Status: While the NCTF 135 HA is designated for its conservation value, its proximity to urban development threatens the very survival of the species present within it. Habitat fragmentation through human activities like agriculture, forestry, and residential development exacerbates this risk.

To ensure the long-term viability of the ecosystem, measures must be taken to address these challenges. Some potential strategies include:

1. Habitat Connectivity: Establishing corridors between isolated patches of habitat will aid in maintaining biodiversity and population sizes.
2. Ecological Restoration: Efforts can be made to recreate habitats that have been degraded or lost, incorporating native plant species and reintroducing locally extinct animals.
3. Species Management: Effective management of the area’s priority species will require coordinated efforts involving wildlife conservation groups, landowners, and local authorities.
4. Awareness Raising: Educating local communities about the importance of this site and the measures being taken to protect its biodiversity can foster public support for conservation initiatives.

The NCTF 135 HA supports a variety of plant species, including some rare and endangered ones. According to the Surrey Wildlife Trust, this site is recognized as an important area for conservation due to its unique combination of flora.

The NCTF 135 HA near Busbridge, Surrey, possesses significant ecological value due to its rich biodiversity and rare plant species.

Ecological significance refers to the importance of a particular ecosystem or habitat in terms of its contribution to the health and resilience of the environment as a whole.

Biodiversity, on the other hand, encompasses the variety of different plant and animal species that inhabit an area, including their genetic diversity and the ecological roles they play.

The NCTF 135 HA supports a diverse range of plant species, some of which are rare or endangered.

This site is recognized by the Surrey Wildlife Trust as a crucial area for conservation due to its unique combination of flora.

Biodiversity Hotspots in the NCTF 135 HA:

• Precious Plant Species: The NCTF 135 HA is home to several rare and endangered plant species, including:

• Astrantia minor (lesser meadow saxifrage): a small perennial herb that prefers wetland environments.

• Epilobium hirsutum (hairy willowherb): an annual or biennial plant that grows in a variety of habitats, including wetlands and disturbed ground.

• Sanguisorba officinalis (burnet-saxifrage): a perennial herb with medicinal properties that grows in moist environments.

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Ecological Significance of the NCTF 135 HA:

The site’s unique combination of flora and biodiversity make it an important area for conservation, as stated by the Surrey Wildlife Trust.

This is due to several factors:

1. Unique Plant Species: The presence of rare and endangered plant species makes this site a crucial area for the preservation of genetic diversity.

• Supports Local Biodiversity Networks: The NCTF 135 HA’s biodiversity is likely connected to other nearby ecosystems, making it an important component of local biodiversity networks.

1. Habitat Preservation: The conservation efforts in this area will help protect the unique habitats that support these plant species and maintain the site’s ecological balance.

• Biodiversity Hotspots: As a recognized biodiversity hotspot, the NCTF 135 HA will be prioritized for conservation and management efforts to preserve its unique ecosystems.

Human Impact and Management

Protected Areas

The designation of the Newchapel Common and Tillingbourne Farm (NCTF) area as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) in 1964 marked the beginning of efforts to protect this unique area.

However, despite its protected status, human activities continue to have a significant impact on the NCTF site. The most notable impacts are:

1. Habitat fragmentation and degradation: Human activities such as agriculture, forestry, and infrastructure development lead to habitat loss and fragmentation, compromising biodiversity within the site.

2. Light pollution: Artificial lighting from nearby towns and villages illuminates parts of the NCTF, affecting nocturnal species that are essential components of its ecosystem.

3. Human disturbance

The presence of humans within the site disrupts sensitive wildlife habitats and causes behavioral changes in some species, such as avoiding areas frequented by visitors or altering activity patterns to avoid detection.

4. Pollution: Agricultural runoff, vehicle emissions, and waste disposal contribute to water pollution, soil degradation, and air pollution within the site, posing threats to both human health and wildlife populations.

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5. Climatic change and land-use change: Global climate change is altering local temperature regimes, precipitation patterns, and ecosystem composition, while ongoing land-use changes driven by agriculture, urbanization, or other factors further impact biodiversity within the NCTF site.

To address these challenges, effective management strategies are necessary to ensure the long-term conservation of this protected area:

• Monitoring and research: Continuous monitoring of ecological processes and species populations will provide vital information for managing and mitigating human impacts on the site.
• Habitat restoration and connectivity enhancement: Implementing restoration projects aimed at re-establishing habitat networks can improve ecosystem resilience to environmental pressures.
• Sustainable land-use practices: Encouraging local stakeholders to adopt environmentally friendly agricultural practices, forestry management strategies, or eco-friendly urban planning concepts will support conservation goals while benefiting human populations.
• Community engagement and education: Involving local communities in protected area management is critical for fostering a shared understanding of site values, the consequences of environmental degradation, and collaborative solutions to mitigate these impacts.
• Collaborative governance and adaptive planning: Facilitating partnerships among various stakeholders (e.g., government agencies, landowners, local residents) will enable more comprehensive assessments of ecological concerns and foster responsive management strategies that adapt to changing site conditions.

The synergy between protected areas like the NCTF 135 HA near Busbridge, Surrey, conservation efforts worldwide, and ongoing research into human impacts on the natural world holds significant potential for refining effective management practices in this area.

The NCTF 135 HA falls within the designated protected area managed by Natural England. As part of their efforts to preserve biodiversity, restrictions are in place limiting human access to ensure the site’s integrity is maintained.

The NCTF 135 HA falls within a designated protected area managed by Natural England, highlighting the importance of preserving biodiversity in this region.

As part of their efforts to maintain the site’s integrity, restrictions have been put in place limiting human access, which is crucial for several reasons:

1. Reducing Disturbance: Limiting human presence helps minimize disturbance to the local ecosystem, allowing species to thrive and behave naturally without fear of human interference.

2. Protecting Habitats: Human activity can damage or destroy habitats essential for various plant and animal species. By restricting access, these fragile ecosystems are safeguarded from human impact.

3. Preserving Soil Quality: Human activities such as trampling, digging, and construction can lead to soil erosion and degradation. Limiting human presence helps maintain the site’s soil quality and prevents its degradation.

4. Sustaining Water Cycle: The restriction of human activity helps preserve water sources and prevent contamination, ensuring a balanced water cycle that supports local biodiversity.

Additionally, limiting human access enables Natural England to:

• Carry out conservation work: With reduced human impact, conservation efforts can be more effective in protecting and restoring the site’s natural features.

• Monitor species populations: Limited human presence allows for better monitoring of species populations, enabling Natural England to identify trends and take action to conserve endangered or vulnerable species.

In conclusion, restricting human access to the NCTF 135 HA site is crucial for preserving biodiversity, maintaining ecological integrity, and ensuring the long-term conservation of this protected area.